Introduction: Oral mucositis is a common and debilitating complication in pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT), particularly following melphalan-based conditioning regimens. Cryotherapy, a non-invasive intervention, has shown promise in reducing chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis, but its efficacy in pediatric patients remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy in reducing the incidence, severity, and duration of oral mucositis in pediatric BMT patients receiving melphalan-based conditioning.

Methodology: A comparative observational study (retrospective-prospective) without a control group will be conducted over 12 months. Pediatric patients aged 5–18 years undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with melphalan will be included. The retrospective cohort comprises patients who did not receive cryotherapy in the past three years, while the prospective cohort includes those undergoing cryotherapy. Data on oral mucositis incidence, severity, duration, pain levels, and opioid analgesic use will be collected. Statistical analysis will include chi-square tests, t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and regression models to compare outcomes between cohorts.

Results: Cryotherapy is anticipated to significantly reduce the incidence, severity, and duration of oral mucositis, leading to decreased opioid use and improved patient outcomes.

Conclusion: Findings from this study will provide evidence for integrating cryotherapy as a standard supportive care measure in pediatric oncology, potentially improving quality of life and treatment adherence in this vulnerable population.